# CVE-2026-78691

## Summary

- **CVE ID:** CVE-2026-78691
- **Severity:** LOW
- **CVSS Score:** 2.1 (CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N)
- **CWE:** CWE-943
- **Published:** Aug 30, 2026
- **Last Modified:** Aug 31, 2026

## Description

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic vulnerability in ash-project ash_sql allows a user who supplies a search term to contains/2, string_starts_with/2, or string_ends_with/2 to inject live SQL LIKE wildcards, turning a literal substring search into an attacker-controlled pattern match.

The escape helpers in AshSql.Expr prefix % and _ with a backslash but never escape a backslash already present in the input. Because backslash is the default LIKE escape character, the escaping defeats itself: the input \% becomes the pattern fragment \\%, where \\ is a literal backslash and the attacker's % remains a live wildcard. The search value stays parameterized, so this is confined to the LIKE pattern grammar rather than full SQL. An attacker can widen matches to probe values, slip past a negated contains(...) guard, or crash the query with a trailing lone backslash.

This issue affects ash_sql: from 0.1.1-rc.10 before 0.7.1.

## Affected Products

- ash-project — ash_sql (0.1.1-rc.10)
- ash-project — ash_sql (cfc7da474c5be2190fd62664a83a689377a8d512)

## References

- [CNA](https://github.com/ash-project/ash_sql/security/advisories/GHSA-5jgp-7mhc-6qqh)
- [CNA](https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-78691.html)
- [CNA](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-78691)
- [CNA](https://github.com/ash-project/ash_sql/commit/d95c55c64b1b42cc2fd30211a4913f3145156cd4)

## Exploitation Prediction (EPSS)

- **EPSS Score:** 0.14%
- **EPSS Percentile:** 3.5

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_Exported from OnDuty AI Vulnerability Intelligence on 2026-09-11._