# CVE-2026-78228

## Summary

- **CVE ID:** CVE-2026-78228
- **Severity:** MEDIUM
- **CVSS Score:** 5.9 (CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N)
- **CWE:** CWE-674
- **Published:** Aug 30, 2026
- **Last Modified:** Aug 31, 2026

## Description

Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger's on_error action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.

The generated worker's atomic handle_error/4 runs the trigger's on_error action on a job's final attempt inside a rescue that, when the action itself raises, calls handle_error/4 again with the same job. The job's attempt still equals max_attempts, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic on_error failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.

This issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14.

## Affected Products

- ash-project — ash_oban (0.8.0-rc.1)
- ash-project — ash_oban (5d117ed2006df7277561c69dbfd39281da6ace9f)

## References

- [CNA](https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/security/advisories/GHSA-94p7-498r-mrhp)
- [CNA](https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-78228.html)
- [CNA](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-78228)
- [CNA](https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/commit/851cd0e76ed882bf736fc48d10f96d037e26b5f0)

## Exploitation Prediction (EPSS)

- **EPSS Score:** 0.13%
- **EPSS Percentile:** 2.6

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_Exported from OnDuty AI Vulnerability Intelligence on 2026-09-11._