# CVE-2026-52735

## Summary

- **CVE ID:** CVE-2026-52735
- **Severity:** CRITICAL
- **CVSS Score:** 9.3 (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H)
- **CWE:** CWE-684
- **Published:** Aug 18, 2026
- **Last Modified:** Aug 18, 2026

## Description

ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to 4.5.0, Zebra can accept a block that zcashd rejects because the P2SH signature-operation counter undercounts redeem scripts containing a disabled opcode followed by signature opcodes. In zebra-script/src/lib.rs, p2sh_input_sigop_count used the pure-Rust script::Code::sig_op_count path, whose try_fold parser stops at disabled opcodes such as OP_CODESEPARATOR and returns only the partial count accumulated before the error. The zcashd reference implementation continues static signature-operation counting through disabled opcodes, so an attacker can broadcast P2SH spends that Zebra counts below MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS while zcashd counts above the 20,000-operation limit. If a Zebra miner includes those transactions, Zebra validators accept the block while zcashd validators reject it, creating a consensus chain split that affects network integrity and availability without requiring the attacker to produce a block. This issue is fixed in version 4.5.0.

## Affected Products

- ZcashFoundation — zebra (< 4.5.0)

## References

- [CNA](https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-gf9r-m956-97qx)
- [CNA](https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/commit/1440b43ca7df59aca948090d45117557b217a6cd)
- [CNA](https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/releases/tag/v4.5.0)

## Exploitation Prediction (EPSS)

- **EPSS Score:** 0.29%
- **EPSS Percentile:** 21.5

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_Exported from OnDuty AI Vulnerability Intelligence on 2026-09-11._