# CVE-2025-59033

## Summary

- **CVE ID:** CVE-2025-59033
- **Severity:** HIGH
- **CVSS Score:** 7.4 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
- **CWE:** CWE-420
- **Published:** Sep 8, 2025
- **Last Modified:** Mar 13, 2026

## Description

The Microsoft vulnerable driver block list is implemented as Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policy. Entries that specify only the to-be-signed (TBS) part of the code signer certificate are properly blocked, but entries that specify the signing certificate's TBS hash along with a 'FileAttribRef' qualifier (such as file name or version) may not be blocked, whether hypervisor-protected code integrity (HVCI) is enabled or not. NOTE: The vendor disputes this CVE ID assignment and states that the driver blocklist is intended for use with HVCI.

## Affected Products

- Microsoft — Windows (10)

## References

- [CNA](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/app-control-for-business/design/microsoft-recommended-driver-block-rules)
- [CNA](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/hardware-security/enable-virtualization-based-protection-of-code-integrity)
- [CNA](https://x.com/JonnyJohnson_/status/1895103112924307727)

## Exploitation Prediction (EPSS)

- **EPSS Score:** 0.24%
- **EPSS Percentile:** 14.8

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_Exported from OnDuty AI Vulnerability Intelligence on 2026-09-10._