# CVE-2025-48187

## Summary

- **CVE ID:** CVE-2025-48187
- **Severity:** CRITICAL
- **CVSS Score:** 9.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)
- **CWE:** CWE-307
- **Published:** May 17, 2025
- **Last Modified:** Mar 13, 2026

## Description

RAGFlow through 0.18.1 allows account takeover because it is possible to conduct successful brute-force attacks against email verification codes to perform arbitrary account registration, login, and password reset. Codes are six digits and there is no rate limiting.

## Affected Products

- infiniflow — RAGFlow (0)

## References

- [CNA](https://github.com/infiniflow/ragflow/commits/main/)
- [CNA](https://www.cnblogs.com/qiushuo/p/18881084)

## Exploitation Prediction (EPSS)

- **EPSS Score:** 0.54%
- **EPSS Percentile:** 43.8

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_Exported from OnDuty AI Vulnerability Intelligence on 2026-09-10._