# CVE-2023-32059

## Summary

- **CVE ID:** CVE-2023-32059
- **Severity:** HIGH
- **CVSS Score:** 7.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)
- **CWE:** CWE-683
- **Published:** May 11, 2023
- **Last Modified:** Mar 13, 2026

## Description

Vyper is a Pythonic smart contract language for the Ethereum virtual machine. Prior to version 0.3.8, internal calls with default arguments are compiled incorrectly. Depending on the number of arguments provided in the call, the defaults are added not right-to-left, but left-to-right. If the types are incompatible, typechecking is bypassed. The ability to pass kwargs to internal functions is an undocumented feature that is not well known about. The issue is patched in version 0.3.8.

## Affected Products

- vyperlang — vyper (< 0.3.8)

## References

- [CNA](https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advisories/GHSA-ph9x-4vc9-m39g)
- [CNA](https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/commit/c3e68c302aa6e1429946473769dd1232145822ac)

## Exploitation Prediction (EPSS)

- **EPSS Score:** 0.07%
- **EPSS Percentile:** 21.6

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_Exported from OnDuty AI Vulnerability Intelligence on 2026-09-10._